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    Nginx+PHP(FastCGI)+MySQL在小内存VPS(t1.micro)上的安装配置与优化

    mysql admin 2874浏览 0评论

    参考资料：
    http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
    http://blog.s135.com/post/375/

    背景介绍：
    以前，因为AWS EC2的价格比较昂贵而租用了其它国外小厂商的VPS，在使用了3年多之后，发现AWS EC2的价格居然比现在正在使用的VPS要便宜很多。
    全球线路与速度最理想的日本节点的t1.micro型号，选择3年长期合约的价格在2500元人民币左右，一年下来也不到900元，所以就打算将Blog迁移到AWS EC2上。
    之前在部署VPS环境的时候，基本上是完整的参考了张宴的两篇文档，包括操作系统的选择也是相同的。

    但这一次我想采用目前较新的CentOS 6.4 minimal x86_64。
    同时选择版本最新的Nginx，PHP以及MySQL，引入EPEL仓库来简化安装与部署过程中对额外的依赖软件的安装，优化一些原来的工作方式，比如创建服务管理脚本来启动/停止Nginx与MySQL，使用logrotate来切割日志等；
    经过了一番折腾，在填了不少的坑之后，终于成功的完成了新环境的部署，感觉非常不错。

    下面，就是此次的整个安装配置过程：
    1. 安装常用工具
    yum install -y vim wget unzip screen tree mlocate

    2. 安装编译工具
    yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ autoconf patch cmake automake

    3. 安装EPEL仓库
    yum install -y http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

    4. 安装所有必需的软件包
    yum install -y libjpeg-turbo libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel
    yum install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel gmp gmp-devel
    yum install -y bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel
    yum install -y krb5-libs krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel
    yum install -y libgcrypt libgcrypt-devel libtool
    yum install -y libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel mcrypt pcre pcre-devel
    yum install -y ImageMagick ImageMagick-devel

    5. 下载所有必需的软件源码包
    mkdir /root/packages
    cd /root/packages
    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
    wget http://museum.php.net/php5/php-5.2.17.tar.gz
    wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
    wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.36.tar.gz
    wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
    wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
    wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.2.0RC1.tgz
    wget http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/php-eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2/32ccd838e06ef5613c2610c1c65ed228/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

    6. 编译安装iconv
    cd /root/packages
    tar xzvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
    cd libiconv-1.14
    ./configure
    make
    make install

    7. 编译安装并配置MySQL
    7.1 编译安装MySQL
    cd /root/packages
    tar xzvf mysql-5.5.36.tar.gz
    cd mysql-5.5.36
    cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/webserver/mysql
    -DSYSCONFDIR=/webserver/mysql/etc
    -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/webserver/mysql/data
    -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
    -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/werbserver/mysql/run/mysqld.sock
    -DMYSQL_USER=mysql
    -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
    -DWITH_READLINE=1
    -DWITH_SSL=system
    -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1
    -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
    -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
    make
    make install

    7.2 创建mysql用户
    useradd mysql -d /webserver/mysql/data

    7.3 创建MySQL所需目录
    mkdir -p /webserver/mysql/{etc,data,tmp,run,binlogs,log}
    chown mysql:mysql -R /webserver/mysql/{etc,data,tmp,run,binlogs,log}

    7.4 创建my.cnf配置文件
    vim /webserver/mysql/etc/my.cnf

    01 [mysqld]
    02 # basic settings
    03 datadir = /webserver/mysql/data
    04 tmpdir = /webserver/mysql/tmp
    05 socket = /webserver/mysql/run/mysqld.sock
    06 port = 3306
    07 pid-file = /webserver/mysql/run/mysqld.pid
    08
    09 # innodb settings
    10 default-storage-engine = INNODB
    11 innodb_file_per_table = 1
    12 log-bin = /webserver/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld
    13 log-bin-index = /webserver/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld.index
    14 innodb_data_home_dir = /webserver/mysql/data
    15 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    16 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /webserver/mysql/data
    17
    18 # increase the max connections
    19 max_connections = 200
    20
    21 # the expiration time for logs, including binlogs
    22 expire_logs_days = 7
    23
    24 # set the character as utf8
    25 character-set-server = utf8
    26 collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
    27
    28 # server id
    29 server-id=33061
    30
    31 # other settings
    32 [mysqld_safe]
    33 log-error = /webserver/mysql/log/mysqld.log
    34 pid-file = /webserver/mysql/run/mysqld.pid
    35 open-files-limit = 8192
    36
    37 [mysqlhotcopy]
    38 interactive-timeout
    39
    40 [client]
    41 port = 3306
    42 socket = /webserver/mysql/run/mysqld.sock
    43 default-character-set = utf8

    chown mysql:mysql /webserver/mysql/etc/my.cnf

    7.5 初始化MySQL系统数据库
    chmod +x scripts/mysql_install_db
    scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –basedir=/webserver/mysql –datadir=/webserver/mysql/data/ –defaults-file=/webserver/mysql/etc/my.cnf

    7.6 创建MySQL服务管理脚本
    mkdir /webserver/init.d/
    cp support-files/mysql.server /webserver/init.d/mysqld
    chmod +x /webserver/init.d/mysqld

    7.7 启动MySQL服务
    /webserver/init.d/mysqld start

    7.8 登陆MySQL命令行终端
    /webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

    8. 编译安装并配置PHP
    8.1 编译安装PHP
    cd /root/packages
    tar xzf php-5.2.17.tar.gz
    gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.17 -p1

    注：创建软链接以便PHP在编译时能顺利找到所需的库文件
    ln -s /webserver/mysql/lib /webserver/mysql/lib64
    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so /usr/local/lib64/libiconv.so
    ln -s /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so

    cd php-5.2.17
    ./configure –prefix=/webserver/php
    –with-config-file-path=/webserver/php/etc
    –with-mysql=/webserver/mysql –with-mysqli=/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config
    –with-libdir=lib64
    –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
    –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir
    –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir –enable-xml
    –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path
    –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop
    –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization
    –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex
    –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect
    –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf
    –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets
    –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc
    –enable-zip –enable-soap

    make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’

    注：创建软链接以便PHP在安装时能顺利找到所需的库文件
    ln -s /webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18
    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/libiconv.so.2

    make install
    cp php.ini-dist /webserver/php/etc/php.ini

    8.2 编译安装eaccelerator
    cd /root/packages
    tar xjf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
    cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
    /webserver/php/bin/phpize
    ./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/webserver/php/bin/php-config
    make
    make install
    cd ../

    8.3 编译安装PDO_MYSQL
    tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
    cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
    /webserver/php/bin/phpize
    ./configure –with-php-config=/webserver/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/webserver/mysql
    make
    make install
    cd ../

    8.4 编译安装imagick
    tar xzf imagick-3.2.0RC1.tgz
    cd imagick-3.2.0RC1
    /webserver/php/bin/phpize
    ./configure –with-php-config=/webserver/php/bin/php-config
    make
    make install

    8.5 修改php.ini配置文件
    vim /webserver/php/etc/php.ini

    01 ; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside.
    02 ;extension_dir = "./"
    03 extension_dir = "/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
    04 extension = "imagick.so"
    05 extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
    06
    07 ;output_buffering = Off
    08 output_buffering = On
    09
    10 ; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
    11 cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

    8.6 创建缓存目录
    mkdir /webserver/eaccelerator_cache

    8.7 在php.ini中添加eaccelerator支持
    vim /webserver/php/etc/php.ini

    01 [eaccelerator]
    02 zend_extension="/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
    03 eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
    04 eaccelerator.cache_dir="/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
    05 eaccelerator.enable="1"
    06 eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
    07 eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
    08 eaccelerator.debug="0"
    09 eaccelerator.filter=""
    10 eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
    11 eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
    12 eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
    13 eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
    14 eaccelerator.compress="1"
    15 eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
    16 eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
    17 eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
    18 eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"

    8.8 创建www用户
    useradd -r www

    8.9 创建所需目录
    mkdir -p /webserver/blog/{rainbow,eric,keshui,logs}
    chown www:www /webserver/blog/{rainbow,eric,keshui,logs}
    chmod +w /webserver/blog/{rainbow,eric,keshui,logs}
    mkdir /webserver/php/run

    8.10 创建php-fpm.con配置文件
    rm -f /webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
    vim /webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

    001 <?xml version="1.0" ?>
    002 <configuration>
    003
    004   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
    005
    006   <section name="global_options">
    007
    008     Pid file
    009     <value name="pid_file">/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
    010
    011     Error log file
    012     <value name="error_log">/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
    013
    014     Log level
    015     <value name="log_level">notice</value>
    016
    017     When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    018     <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
    019
    020     ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    021     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    022     <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
    023
    024     Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    025     <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
    026
    027     Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    028     <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
    029
    030   </section>
    031
    032   <workers>
    033
    034     <section name="pool">
    035
    036       Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
    037       <value name="name">default</value>
    038
    039       Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
    040       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
    041       <value name="listen_address">/webserver/php/run/php-cgi.sock</value>
    042
    043       <value name="listen_options">
    044
    045         Set listen(2) backlog
    046         <value name="backlog">-1</value>
    047
    048         Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
    049         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
    050         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
    051         <value name="owner"></value>
    052         <value name="group"></value>
    053         <value name="mode">0666</value>
    054       </value>
    055
    056       Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
    057       <value name="php_defines">
    058         <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
    059         <value name="display_errors">0</value>
    060       </value>
    061
    062       Unix user of processes
    063       <value name="user">www</value>
    064
    065       Unix group of processes
    066       <value name="group">www</value>
    067
    068       Process manager settings
    069       <value name="pm">
    070
    071         Sets style of controling worker process count.
    072         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
    073         <value name="style">static</value>
    074
    075         Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
    076         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
    077         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
    078         Used with any pm_style.
    079         <value name="max_children">5</value>
    080
    081         Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
    082         <value name="apache_like">
    083
    084           Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
    085           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
    086           <value name="StartServers">20</value>
    087
    088           Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
    089           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
    090           <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
    091
    092           Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
    093           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
    094           <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
    095
    096         </value>
    097
    098       </value>
    099
    100       The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
    101       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
    102       '0s' means 'off'
    103       <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
    104
    105       The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
    106       '0s' means 'off'
    107       <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
    108
    109       The log file for slow requests
    110       <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
    111
    112       Set open file desc rlimit
    113       <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
    114
    115       Set max core size rlimit
    116       <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
    117
    118       Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
    119       <value name="chroot"></value>
    120
    121       Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
    122       <value name="chdir"></value>
    123
    124       Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
    125       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
    126       <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
    127
    128       How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
    129       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
    130       For endless request processing please specify 0
    131       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
    132       <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
    133
    134       Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
    135       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
    136       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
    137       <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
    138
    139       Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    140       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
    141       <value name="environment">
    142         <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
    143         <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
    144         <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
    145         <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
    146         <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
    147         <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
    148         <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
    149         <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
    150       </value>
    151
    152     </section>
    153
    154   </workers>
    155
    156 </configuration>

    8.11 创建php-fpm服务管理脚本
    ln -s /webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm /webserver/init.d/php-fpm

    8.12 启动php-fpm服务
    /webserver/init.d/php-fpm start

    9. 编译安装并配置Nginx
    9.1 编译安装Nginx
    cd /root/packages
    tar xzf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
    cd nginx-1.4.7/
    ./configure –user=www –group=www
    –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx
    –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
    make
    make install

    9.2 创建Nginx所需目录
    mkdir /webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d
    mkdir /webserver/nginx/run

    9.3 创建fastcgi_params配置文件
    vim fastcgi_params

    01 fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
    02 fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
    03 fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
    04 fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
    05
    06 fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
    07 fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
    08 fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
    09 fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
    10 fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
    11
    12 fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
    13 fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;
    14
    15 fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
    16 fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
    17 fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
    18 fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
    19 fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
    20
    21 # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
    22 fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

    9.4 创建Nginx.conf主配置文件
    vim /webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    01 user        www www;
    02 worker_processes  1;
    03
    04 error_log  /webserver/nginx/logs/error.log;
    05 pid        /webserver/nginx/run/nginx.pid;
    06
    07 worker_rlimit_nofile   32768;
    08
    09 events {
    10     use epoll;
    11     worker_connections 32768;
    12 }
    13
    14
    15 http {
    16     include       /webserver/nginx/conf/mime.types;
    17     default_type  application/octet-stream;
    18
    19     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    20                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    21                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    22
    23     access_log    /webserver/nginx/logs/access.log  main;
    24
    25     server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    26     client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    27     large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    28
    29     sendfile        on;
    30     tcp_nopush      on;
    31
    32     keepalive_timeout  60;
    33
    34     tcp_nodelay     on;
    35
    36     fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    37     fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    38     fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    39     fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    40     fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    41     fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    42     fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    43
    44     gzip  on;
    45     gzip_min_length 1k;
    46     gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    47     gzip_http_version 1.0;
    48     gzip_comp_level 2;
    49     gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    50     gzip_vary on;
    51     
    52     include /webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
    53 }

    9.5 创建附属配置文件
    9.5.1 创建status.conf配置文件管理status页面
    vim /webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d/status.conf

    1 server
    2 {
    3   listen 80;
    4   server_name status.nginxs.com status.heylinux.com;
    5   location / {
    6     stub_status on;
    7     access_log off;
    8   }
    9 }

    9.5.2 创建rainbow.conf配置文件管理heylinux.com
    vim /webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d/rainbow.conf

    01 server
    02 {
    03   listen       80;
    04   server_name  heylinux.com *.heylinux.com;
    05   index index.html index.htm index.php;
    06   root  /webserver/blog/rainbow;
    07
    08   location / {
    09       if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
    10               rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
    11       }
    12       if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
    13               rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
    14       }
    15       if (!-f $request_filename){
    16               rewrite (.*) /index.php;
    17       }
    18   }
    19
    20   location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
    21   {
    22     fastcgi_pass  unix:/webserver/php/run/php-cgi.sock;
    23     fastcgi_index index.php;
    24     fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /webserver/blog/rainbow$fastcgi_script_name;
    25     include /webserver/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;
    26   }
    27
    28   location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    29   {
    30     expires   15d;
    31   }
    32
    33   location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
    34   {
    35     expires   1d;
    36   }
    37
    38   log_format  rainbow_access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    39               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    40               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    41   access_log  /webserver/blog/logs/rainbow_access.log rainbow_access;
    42 }

    9.5.3 创建eric.conf配置文件管理nginxs.com
    vim /webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d/eric.conf

    01 server
    02 {
    03   listen       80;
    04   server_name  nginxs.com *.nginxs.com;
    05   index index.html index.htm index.php;
    06   root  /webserver/blog/eric;
    07
    08   location / {
    09       if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
    10               rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
    11       }
    12       if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
    13               rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
    14       }
    15       if (!-f $request_filename){
    16               rewrite (.*) /index.php;
    17       }
    18   }
    19
    20   location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
    21   {
    22     fastcgi_pass  unix:/webserver/php/run/php-cgi.sock;
    23     fastcgi_index index.php;
    24     fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /webserver/blog/eric$fastcgi_script_name;
    25     include /webserver/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;
    26   }
    27
    28   location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    29   {
    30     expires   15d;
    31   }
    32
    33   location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
    34   {
    35     expires   1d;
    36   }
    37
    38   log_format  eric_access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    39               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    40               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    41   access_log  /webserver/blog/logs/eric_access.log eric_access;
    42 }

    9.6 创建Nginx服务管理脚本
    touch /webserver/init.d/nginx
    chmod +x /webserver/init.d/nginx
    vim /webserver/init.d/nginx

    001 #!/bin/sh
    002 #
    003 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
    004 #
    005 # chkconfig:   - 85 15
    006 # description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse
    007 #               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
    008 # processname: nginx
    009 # config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    010 # config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
    011 # pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
    012  
    013 # Source function library.
    014 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
    015  
    016 # Source networking configuration.
    017 . /etc/sysconfig/network
    018  
    019 # Check that networking is up.
    020 [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
    021  
    022 nginx="/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx"
    023 prog=$(basename $nginx)
    024  
    025 NGINX_CONF_FILE="/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
    026  
    027 lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
    028  
    029 make_dirs() {
    030    # make required directories
    031    user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=([^ ]*).*/1/g' -`
    032    if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
    033        useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
    034    fi
    035    options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
    036    for opt in $options; do
    037        if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
    038            value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
    039            if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
    040                # echo "creating" $value
    041                mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
    042            fi
    043        fi
    044    done
    045 }
    046  
    047 start() {
    048     [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    049     [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    050     make_dirs
    051     echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    052     daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    053     retval=$?
    054     echo
    055     [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    056     return $retval
    057 }
    058  
    059 stop() {
    060     echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    061     killproc $prog -QUIT
    062     retval=$?
    063     echo
    064     [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    065     return $retval
    066 }
    067  
    068 restart() {
    069     configtest || return $?
    070     stop
    071     sleep 1
    072     start
    073 }
    074  
    075 reload() {
    076     configtest || return $?
    077     echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    078     killproc $nginx -HUP
    079     RETVAL=$?
    080     echo
    081 }
    082  
    083 force_reload() {
    084     restart
    085 }
    086  
    087 configtest() {
    088   $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    089 }
    090  
    091 rh_status() {
    092     status $prog
    093 }
    094  
    095 rh_status_q() {
    096     rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
    097 }
    098  
    099 case "$1" in
    100     start)
    101         rh_status_q && exit 0
    102         $1
    103         ;;
    104     stop)
    105         rh_status_q || exit 0
    106         $1
    107         ;;
    108     restart|configtest)
    109         $1
    110         ;;
    111     reload)
    112         rh_status_q || exit 7
    113         $1
    114         ;;
    115     force-reload)
    116         force_reload
    117         ;;
    118     status)
    119         rh_status
    120         ;;
    121     condrestart|try-restart)
    122         rh_status_q || exit 0
    123             ;;
    124     *)
    125         echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
    126         exit 2
    127 esac

    9.7 启动Nginx服务
    /webserver/init.d/nginx start

    10. 优化系统内核参数
    vim /etc/sysctl.conf

    01 # For Nginx
    02 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
    03 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
    04 net.core.somaxconn = 32768
    05 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
    06 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
    07 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
    08 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    09 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    10 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

    sysctl -p

    vim /etc/security/limits.conf

    1 *                -       nofile          32768
    2 *                -       nproc           32768

    11. 创建交换分区
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/swapfile bs=1M count=256
    mkswap /opt/wapfile
    swapon /opt/swapfile

    vi /etc/fstab

    1 /opt/swapfile           swap    swap    defaults        0 0

    12. 配置logrotate切割日志
    yum install -y logrotate
    vim /etc/logrotate.d/blog

    01 /webserver/blog/logs/rainbow_access.log
    02 /webserver/blog/logs/eric_access.log
    03 {
    04   daily
    05   rotate 7
    06   missingok
    07   notifempty
    08   dateext
    09   sharedscripts
    10   postrotate
    11     if [ -f /webserver/nginx/run/nginx.pid ]; then
    12       /bin/kill -HUP `/bin/cat /webserver/nginx/run/nginx.pid`
    13     fi
    14   endscript
    15 }

    13. 结束

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